My guess is in the wild there’s a huge amount of microfauna on and in the substrate, as well as in the water column. So they get enough. And the ones that don’t get enough die. But you have to remember they lay so many eggs, so evolution has calculated that in.
If you have an established tank, especially with substrate and plants, look closely and you’ll probably see little cyclops and worms, etc, smaller than the moina. There’s probably stuff that’s even smaller and can’t be seen with the naked eye. I’ve left some eggs that I didn’t notice in the parents’ tank before. And later I find larvae that’s almost ready to morph. I didn’t even know they were there and never fed them directly. I’m assuming there were a couple other ones that I didn’t know were there, but did not make it.