Hi Jazz, yes, they can be kept outside. You might want to try raising some inside and some outside - if one way fails, the other may be just fine. If you are producing green water for them, there is no reason that you need any light over the daphnia themselves. Mine are kept in a rather dark corner of a room. They only need light if you want the algae to grow in with them.
I'd suggest filling the 10-gallon tank all the way up. Also, be sure to use water that contains no chlorine/chloramine but also does not contain dechlorinating chemicals. Use either old tank water, or water dechlorinated by carbon filter or aging.
One note about keeping tubs outdoors. I had a tub outdoors and accidentally drowned a pair of local rodents (not sure what they were - about the size of rats, but much cuter). If you keep tubs outside, be sure to put a plank in them so any animals that fall in can get back out. Also, outdoor cultures will grow a variety of other "bugs". Most of these are good newt food, so that's not a problem.
(Message edited by jennewt on September 13, 2006)