I never quantified the time, but broadly, minutes.
It depends on the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water(remember these animals are able to absorb oxygen through their skins), the health of the animal(certain illnesses can compromise their ability to breathe through the skin), the temperature...etc...
I wouldn´t worry too much, because these newts like to hide and it´s unlikely that she got stuck. If this bothers you, you could remove the problematic rocks once she gets out.