No, they weren't active. This was in an area of northern Hyogo Prefecture along the Japan Sea Coast that is buried in snow almost all winter. It was the garden pond in the front yard of my ex-wife's house. The pond wasn't frozen over at the time, as far as I can recall (this was 15 years ago!), but I wouldn't be surprised if it does freeze over.
Considering that Cynops pyrrhogaster is such a wide-ranging species in Japan, I wonder how well those from the warmer southern part of its range can tolerate the kind of low winter temperatures that are the norm for those in the northern part of the range.
Speaking of temperature tolerance, what's the case with Notophthalmus viridescens in different parts of the U.S., for example?
(Message edited by TJ on September 20, 2005)